Enhancers are genetic elements that have major roles in determining cell type-specific gene expression patterns and responses to internal and external signals. Mammalian genomes contain millions of ...

The structure of protein sets the foundation for its interaction with other molecules in the body and, therefore, determines its function. This article will cover the structural principles of proteins ...

Executive function describes a set of cognitive processes and mental skills that help an individual plan, monitor, and successfully execute their goals. The “executive functions,” as they’re known, ...

Will Kenton is an expert on the economy and investing laws and regulations. He previously held senior editorial roles at Investopedia and Kapitall Wire and holds a MA in Economics from The New School ...

Various nerves control bladder and bowel function, including the spinal cord, cauda equina, pudendal nerves, and the enteric nervous system, a nerve network in the walls of the digestive tract. These ...

Muscle function loss occurs when your muscles don’t work or move normally. Complete muscle function loss, or paralysis, involves being unable to contract your muscles normally. If your muscles lose ...