Basal cell carcinoma has low immunogenicity. Tumor cells express Foxc1 protein (red), which suppresses HLA class I (green) in the tumor cells. Compromised antigen presentation ranks among the top ...

Liquid biopsy-based prediction of clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced biliary tract cancer. This is an ASCO Meeting Abstract from the 2024 ASCO Annual Meeting I. This ...

An antigen is any substance that can trigger an immune response in the body. Antigens are typically proteins or polysaccharides that are recognized as foreign or potentially harmful by the immune ...

Conjugate vaccines are composed of bacterial polysaccharide antigens covalently linked to protein carriers, enabling T cell-dependent immune responses that induce high-affinity antibodies and ...

It is well known that the biggest genetic risk factor for the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II). What remains unclear is the ...

CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) serve as central effectors in cancer immunotherapy by directly eliminating tumor cells. However, current clinical therapies face significant limitations. These ...

The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to foreign antigens in food and commensal microbes that have the potential to induce adaptive immune responses for food allergies. Upon genetic ...

1. Antigen preparation: Scientists can produce cancer vaccines against tumors by using the patient’s tumor as a source of antigen or by synthesizing peptides from tumor antigens. 2. Antigen delivery: ...

VBI’s vaccine candidate is the only 3-antigen hepatitis B vaccine, comprised of the S, pre-S1, and pre-S2 surface antigens of the hepatitis B virus, and is approved for use and commercially available ...