An antigen is any substance that can trigger an immune response in the body. Antigens are typically proteins or polysaccharides that are recognized as foreign or potentially harmful by the immune ...

Study introduces TRACeR-I, a protein platform with broad HLA compatibility, paving the way for advanced immune response engineering and disease-specific targeting. Study: Targeting peptide antigens ...

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the power of T cells to attack tumors. But, even when these treatments are successful, scientists often struggle to understand exactly ...

Although CAR T-cell therapies have reached significant clinical success in hematological malignancies, their utility in solid tumors remains limited. One of the main challenges is the scarcity of ...

Cancer immunotherapy has completely changed our understanding of how cancer can and should be treated. A prime example is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, where T cells are harvested ...

Platform-enabled vaccine design unlocks safer, more effective solutions with outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) emerging as ...

Autoantibodies are antibodies that target the body’s own antigens. These antigens may consist of proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, or lipids expressed ubiquitously throughout the body or only in ...

Transplantation of organs or tissues between genetically nonidentical individuals of the same species (and different species) is plagued by rejection and its associated problems. "Foreignness" is ...

CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) serve as central effectors in cancer immunotherapy by directly eliminating tumor cells. However, current clinical therapies face significant limitations. These ...